Strong acids or alkalies cause corrosive injury to the stomach. Ingestion of these substances can have disastrous effects on the upper GI tract. A caustic or corrosive material destroys and eats away the tissues. They are typically acids or alkalis. Alkalis may cause less harm; they may harm the esophagus but leave the stomach unharmed. Acid ingestions can cause serious gastric outlet obstruction. Ingestion of corrosive substances is either accidental, which is rare or intentional for the purpose of suicide, which is actually largely reported But there are better corrosive injury treatment.
Acids are pungent liquids and are very bitter. They can be ingested only in small quantities. It can cause coagulative necrosis and the coagulum gives some protection to the primary tissues. It can accumulate in the antrum and cause severe pyloric spasms, damaging the stomach. It causes severe strictures in the pre-pyloric area. Some household acidic agents are:
Alkalis are odourless and tasteless and an individual can partake large quantities of this liquid by mistake. It takes time to pass through the esophagus due to its viscosity. Alkalis predominantly cause esophageal injury and stomach injuries are primarily ruled out. The lipoproteins contained on the mucosal surface are destroyed consequentially penetrating the muscular layers. It causes liquefaction necrosis or colliquative necrosis where the tissue gets transformed into a liquid mass. It can also cause severe inflammatory reactions leading to vascular thrombosis and necrosis. Alkalis are found in household agents such as:
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